The OS's security model assumes that many services such as your web server run with reduced privileges, preventing them being able to modify files. Setting on files breaks that secure design.
A remote user could write to or upload files and then trick the server or some other process on your system into reading or executing them. Scripts or software may have flaws that allow this.
It's very difficult to be sure you have locked down every single way this could happen if there are world-writable directories. For example, sudo. Avoid changing any file permissions on directories and files set up by the system itself.
That is, if you had files and folders with various different permissions before, there's no way to go back to those specific permissions - only to change them all to the same thing, which may lose any specific permission settings that were needed on specific files. The default setup Ubuntu and other OSes use of running the web server as an unprivileged user and having the website files world-readable is a reasonable secure choice and in the interests of consistency, shouldn't be varied unless necessary.
So, to ensure that the unprivileged server process can read your website files they will need to be world-readable. When tracking down why the web server process can't read your files, remember that not only do the files themselves need to be world-readable eg, their parent directories should be world-readable and traversable eg, Occasionally, you need your web server to be able to write to certain files. To achieve this, make sure you only allow write permission on the specific files you want to give that permission for, and it's still better to use group ownership and group-write bit to give that permission that make them world-writable.
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Create a free Team What is Teams? Learn more. Ask Question. Asked 8 years, 7 months ago. Active 8 months ago. Viewed 1. Improve this question. A better question to ask is "How can I get my webserver to work without using permissions? See kimbriggs. If by all permissions you mean Navigate to folder and chmod -R Daniel Elliott Daniel Elliott Does it also cover all the hidden files staring with.
You can give permission to folder and all its contents using option -R i. Ideally, give permission for security reasons to the web folder. Do not give full permission. N Description ls binary 0 No permissions at all 1 Only execute --x 2 Only write -w- 3 Write and execute -wx 4 Only read r-- 5 Read and execute r-x 6 Read and write rw- 7 Read, write, and execute rwx First Number 7 - Read, write, and execute for the user. Second Number 5 - Read and execute for the group.
Third Number 5 - Read and execute for others. What file permissions should I set on web root? Community Bot 1 1 1 silver badge. Somnath Muluk Somnath Muluk I haven't downvoted, but I think the reason is that your answer does not cover the OPs question. It's still a good answer, just not for this topic. MarijkeLuttekes: There are already answers who are giving light on how to give permissions to folder. That's not my intention to answer. I am saying not to give permission to folder at all to www folder.
See first comment for question of anubhava. Instead give or required permissions. We understand sometimes from question that OP is heading in wrong direction. Then we should give path should be followed. It's not only OP will be requiring solution.
With same question another person will come to this page for finding answer, then that person will understand what this answer. This should be marked the correct answer. While the other answers give the 'solution' to the problem, this one explains how a typical folder structure should be setup. Very rarely if ever would you want to make a web folder Read the More info links that SomnathMuluk has provided so that you can understand why.
Thanks for this easy on the eyes breakdown! Show 1 more comment. Changing them is rarely the appropriate solutions to any problems. I hope these chmod command examples were helpful for you.
Got a question or suggestion? Please leave a comment below. Please enter at least 3 characters 0 results found. Eric Simard. This article will teach you how to change permissions in Linux with practical examples of chmod command. Table of Contents.
Chmod command in Linux What is chmod? Chmod command examples Using chmod command is very easy if you know what permissions you have to set on a file. For example, if you want the owner to have all the permissions and no permissions for the group and public, you need to set the permission in absolute mode: chmod filename You can do the same in symbolic mode.
Change permission on all the files in a directory recursively chmod has the recursive option that allows you to change the permissions on all the files in a directory and its sub-directories. A word of warning! Send login link. Check your inbox and click the link. Sorry, something went wrong. Please try again. Learn the super powerful and super useful find command with these practical examples. Print a sequence of numbers with specified increment or format with seq command.
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